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Copyrights

The GSRC contract with MARCO requires that GSRC software fulfill three requirements:
  1. The software must have a copyright. The minimal copyright is:
    Copyright (c) 2004 Your University
    All Rights Reserved.
    
    For example:
    Copyright (c) 2004 The Regents of the University of California.
    All rights reserved.
    
    The copyright text should be approved by your institution.

  2. The software must acknowledge MARCO funding. For example:
    This work was supported by the MARCO-sponsored Gigascale
    Systems Research Center.
    
    An alternative statement is:
    This work was supported in part by the MARCO/DARPA Gigascale Systems
    Research Center (http://www.gigascale.org). Their support is
    gratefully acknowledged.
    
  3. MARCO must be "informed of new software or updated versions/releases within 30 days of creation via the Software Submission Form found at http://fcrp.src.org/."
    To submit your software, you must request an account on the MARCO Website.
In addition to the three steps required by MARCO, the GSRC also asks that you update the Gigascale website with information about your download.
  1. Each workgroup that has publically available downloads should have a link to a downloads page. It is best if the workgroup specific downloads page is a page on the gigascale website, though it can point to download pages on other sites.
    Note that if your release is less than 5Mb in size, you can use the website forum facility to upload the release and create simple download pages. For example, see http://www.gigascale.org/metropolis/forum/1/ or http://www.gigascale.org/mescal/forum/61/.
  2. If you add a workgroup specific download page, please send email to webmaster@gigascale.org so that we can add a link to http://www.gigascale.org/pubs/downloads/
  3. If your release includes significant documentation, please add it to the website publications database.
    UC Berkeley participants should consider submitting their documentation as an ERL Memorandum.

Details

Below is more detailed information about Copyrights and Acknowledgements.

Copyright notices

Below is a sample copyright that could be used for software created at any campus in the University of California system:
Copyright (c) 2004 The Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the above
copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies
of this software.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY
FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.

Notes

  1. This copyright is based on the Ousterhout copyright used for development of Tcl. This copyright very similar to the BSD copyright.
    The Ptolemy copyright is very similar to this copyright.
  2. Law is not based on common sense, it is based on precedence, so it is best if we do not vary from pre-existing copyrights. Please do not make arbitrary changes to the copyright text.
  3. The date reflects the year of publication. Software first published in 2004 should have a date of 2004. Software published in 2002, 2003 and 2004 may have the date 2002-2004. In theory, software published in 2002 and 2004, but not in 2003 should have a the date 2002, 2004.
  4. Note that that the more copyright holders there are, the more likely it is that there will be conflicts and they software will never be used by a third party. In general, it is better if each file have one copyright holder. Of course, this might not always be possible.
  5. These two warranty paragraphs should be in upper case. Usually warranty provisions are in all upper case, see p11/60 of "Software Development, A Legal Guide", by Stephen Fishman. Nolo Press, first ed.
  6. Individuals are not usually mentioned in the copyright, the copyright is usually held by GSRC or by the Regents of the University of California.
    For example, UC Berkeley students who are paid by funds administered by the University do not usually hold the copyright. See the UC Berkeley Office Of Technology Copyright Page.
    The Ousterhout copyright is fairly liberal, so individuals may take their work and develop it further outside of the University.
  7. The copyright should ideally be in a file called copyright.txt. The .txt extension is important if the release will be downloaded to Windows so that users can click on the file name and view it.
  8. The Metropolis group is using a similar copyright, but with the following text appended to the second paragraph:

    "and that appropriate acknowledgments are made to the research of the Metropolis group."

    For example:

    @Copyright (c) 2001-2004 The Regents of the University of California.
    All rights reserved.
     
    Permission is hereby granted, without written agreement and without
    license or royalty fees, to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
    software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that the
    above copyright notice and the following two paragraphs appear in all
    copies of this software and that appropriate acknowledgments are made
    to the research of the Metropolis group.
     
    IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY
    FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
    ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
    SUCH DAMAGE.
     
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
    INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE
    PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
    CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES,
    ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
    
  9. The Bookshelf group is using the MIT License, which is equivalent to the BSD license
  10. Avoid the term "public domain". It is very unlikely that software is being released in the public domain. Public domain software does not have a copyright, the rights are held by the public at large. Copyrighted works whose copyright has expired may be in the public domain.
  11. If possible, avoid the GNU Copyleft licenses. These licenses limit what sponsors can do with software.

Acknowledgements

  • Most research comes from multiple sources. The acknowledgements should mention each source. The example below is from Metropolis, which has a top level copyright.txt file that contains the above Metropolis copyright and then continues with.
    This work was supported in part by the following corporations:
    * Cadence,
    * General Motors,
    * Intel,
    * Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC),
    * Sony,
    * STMicroelectronics;
    and the following research projects:
    * NSF Award Number CCR-0225610 and the Center for Hybrid and Embedded
    Systems (CHESS, http://chess.eecs.berkeley.edu),
    * The MARCO/DARPA Gigascale Systems Research Center 
    (GSRC, http://www.gigascale.org),
    
    The Metropolis project would also like to acknowledge the research
    contributions by:
    * The Project for Advanced Research of Architecture and Design of
    Electronic Systems (PARADES, http://www.parades.rm.cnr.it/) (in
    particular Alberto Ferrari), and Politecnico di Torino, Carnegie
    Mellon University, University of California, Los Angeles, University
    of California, Riverside, Politecnico di Milano, University. of Rome,
    La Sapienza, University of L'Aquila, University of Ancona, Scuola di
    Sant'Anna and University of Pisa.
    
    
  • Software also sometimes includes other copyrighted packages. It is important that each copyright be included in the distribution and ideally mentioned in a central location.
    For example, the Metropolis copyright.txt file says:
    Metropolis contains the following software that has additional
    copyrights.  See the README.txt files in each directory for details
    
    examples/yapi_cpus/arm/arm_sim
       arm_sim is an ARM processor simulator that was originally
       released under the GNU Public License.
       The ARM Simulator is only necessary if you would like to create
       your own trace files.  Most users need not build the ARM Simulator.
    			       
    src/com/JLex
        JLex has a copyright that is similar to the Metropolis copyright.
    
    src/metropolis/metamodel
        Portions of the Java code were derived from sources developed
        under the auspices of the Titanium project, under funding from the
        DARPA, DoE, and Army Research Office.
        The Java code was further developed as part of the Ptolemy project.
        The Java code is released under Metropolis copyright.
    
    src/metropolis/metamodel/frontend/Lexer
        Portions of JLexer are:
        "Copyright (C) 1995, 1997 by Paul  N. Hilfinger.  All rights reserved. 
        Portions of this code were derived from sources developed under the
        auspices of the Titanium project, under funding from the DARPA, DoE,
        and Army Research Office."
    
    src/metropolis/metamodel/frontend/parser/ptbyacc
        ptbyacc is in the public domain.
       
    
    
  • GSRC Papers should use the acknowledgement from the GSRC Word Templates page.
  • Resources

  • Salon 2002 Article, "Public Money, Private Code"
  • Bookshelf Copyright Page - includes some good links
  • UC Berkeley Office Of Technology Copyright Page

    As of May 2000, my understanding is that the only requirement for UC copyrights is that The Regents of the University of California hold the copyright. My understanding is that the other text below is a guideline, not a requirement.
    The OTT has attempted to change the wording of the copyright to prohibit commercial use without license, see "Copyrighted Works Created at the University of California" at http://www.ucop.edu/ott/crworks.html which leads to "Software On-Line Permission Statement" at http://www.ucop.edu/ott/permissn.html

  • UC Office of Technology Transfer page about Bayh-Doyle
  • Yahoo Copyright Links
  • www.benedict.com - A quick overview of copyrights.
  • OpenSource.org - information about copyrights.
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